A History of the Chola Empire of India

Nobody knows exactly when the first Chola kings took power in the southern point of India, but certainly, the Chola Dynasty was established by the third century BCE, because they are mentioned in one of Ashoka the Greats stelae.  Not only did the Cholas outlast Ashokas Mauryan Empire, they continued to rule until 1279 CE—more than 1,500 years.   Fun Fact The Cholas ruled for more than 1,500 years, making them one of the longest-ruling families in human history, if not the longest. The Chola Empire was based in the Kaveri River Valley, which runs southeast through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and the southern Deccan Plateau to the Bay of Bengal.  At its height, the Chola Empire controlled not only southern India and Sri Lanka, but also the Maldives.  It took key maritime trading posts from the Srivijaya Empire in what is now Indonesia, enabling a rich cultural transfusion in both directions, and sent diplomatic and trading missions to Chinas Song Dynasty (960 - 1279 CE). Chola History The origins of the Chola Dynasty are lost to history.  The kingdom is mentioned, however, in early Tamil literature, and on one of the Pillars of Ashoka (273 - 232 BCE).  It also appears in the Greco-Roman Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (c. 40 - 60 CE), and in Ptolemys Geography (c. 150 CE).  The ruling family came from the Tamil ethnic group. Around the year 300 CE, the Pallava and Pandya Kingdoms spread their influence over most of the Tamil heartlands of southern India, and the Cholas went into a decline.  They likely served as sub-rulers under the new powers, yet they retained  enough prestige that their daughters often married in to the Pallava and Pandya families. When war broke out between the Pallava and Pandya kingdoms in about 850 CE, the Cholas seized their chance.  King Vijayalaya renounced his Pallava overlord and captured the city of Thanjavur (Tanjore), making it his new capital.  This marked the start of the Medieval Chola period  and the peak of Chola power. Vijayalayas son, Aditya I, went on to defeat  the Pandyan Kingdom in 885 and the  Pallava Kingdom in 897 CE.  His son followed up with the conquest of Sri Lanka in 925; by 985, the Chola Dynasty ruled all of the Tamil-speaking regions of southern India.  The next two kings, Rajaraja Chola I (r. 985 - 1014 CE) and Rajendra Chola I (r. 1012 - 1044 CE) extended the empire still further.   Rajaraja Cholas reign marked the emergence of the Chola Empire as a multi-ethnic trading colossus.  He pushed the empires northern boundary out of Tamil lands to Kalinga in the northeast of India  and sent his navy to capture the Maldives and the rich Malabar Coast along the subcontinents southwestern shore.  These territories were key points along the  Indian Ocean trade routes.   By 1044, Rajendra Chola had pushed the borders north to the Ganges River (Ganga), conquering the rulers of Bihar and Bengal, and he had also taken coastal Myanmar (Burma), the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and key ports in the Indonesian archipelago and Malay Peninsula.  It was the first true maritime empire based in India.  The Chola Empire under Rajendra even exacted tribute from Siam (Thailand) and Cambodia.  Cultural and artistic influences flowed in both directions between Indochina and the Indian mainland.   Throughout the medieval period, however, the Cholas had one major thorn in their side.  The Chalukya Empire, in the  western Deccan Plateau,  rose up periodically and tried to throw off Chola control.  After decades of intermittent warfare, the Chalukya kingdom collapsed in 1190.  The Chola Empire, however, did not long outlast its gadfly. It was an ancient rival that finally did in the Cholas for good.  Between 1150 and 1279, the Pandya family gathered its armies and launched a number of bids for independence in their traditional lands.  The Cholas under Rajendra III  fell to the Pandyan Empire  in 1279  and ceased to exist. The Chola Empire left a rich legacy in the Tamil country.  It saw majestic architectural accomplishments such as the Thanjavur Temple, amazing artwork including particularly graceful  bronze sculpture, and a golden age of Tamil literature and poetry.  All of these cultural properties also found their way into the Southeast Asian artistic lexicon, influencing religious art and literature from Cambodia to Java.

Essay on Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller - 801 Words

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller The play, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, takes issue with those in America who place too much stress upon material gain, at the expense of other, more admirable human values. Miller uses flashbacks to provide exposition, to foreshadow the upcoming tragedy, and most importantly to reveal character traits. An analysis of the main character, Willy Loman, illustrates the underlying theme that the concern over material success breaks down the bonds between men that form the basis of a smooth-functioning society. In a sense there are two Willy Lomans in this play. There is the present broken, exhausted man in his sixties, soon to end his life, and there is the more confident, vigorous†¦show more content†¦The father-son conflict between Willy and Biff is complex. First of all, there is a strong personal attachment. He wants Biff to love him. He remembers the fondness shown for him by Biff as a boy, and he still craves this. At this point, however, relations are strained. Although Willy shies away from remembering so painful an episode, he knows in his heart that his affair with the Boston woman left the boy bitterly disillusioned. Feeling some sense of guilt, Willy fears that all of Biff’s later difficulties may have been really attempts to get revenge. In other words, Biff failed to spite Willy. Although outwardly resenting such alleged vindictiveness, Willy still wants to get back the old comradeship, even if he has to buy it dearly. For instance consider when he a sked Ben, â€Å"Why can’t I give him something and not have him hate me?† and his final moment of joy and triumph occurs when he exclaims, â€Å"Isn’t that remarkable? Biff†¦ he likes me!† On the other hand, Willy is also emotionally involved with Biff because his son’s success of failure is his own. By becoming rich and influential, the handsome, personable Biff was slated to provide his own modest advancement. By making his fortune in the business world, Biff would prove that Willy had been right in turning downShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfunctional family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. In Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, three major eventsRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller888 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman† is a play written by Arthur Miller in the year 1949. The play revolves around a desperate salesman, Willy Loman. Loman is delusioned and most of the things he does make him to appear as a man who is living in his own world away from other people. He is disturbed by the fact that he cannot let go his former self. His wife Linda is sad and lonely; his youngest son Biff is presented as a swinger/player while his eldest son Happy appears anti-business and confused by the behaviorRead MoreDeath of Salesman by Arthur Miller972 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Death of a Salesman by the playwright Arthur Miller, the use of names is significant to the characters themselves. Many playwrights and authors use names in their works to make a connection between the reader and the main idea of their work. Arthur Miller uses names in this play extraordinarily. Not only does Miller use the names to get readers to correlate them with the main idea of the play, bu t he also uses names to provide some irony to the play. Miller uses the meanings of someRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller949 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman can be described as modern tragedy portraying the remaining days in the life of Willy Loman. This story is very complex, not only because of it’s use of past and present, but because of Willy’s lies that have cont inued to spiral out of control throughout his life. Arthur Miller puts a modern twist on Aristotle’s definition of ancient Greek tragedy when Willy Loman’s life story directly identifies the fatal flaw of the â€Å"American Dream†. Willy Loman’s tragic flaw can be recappedRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller846 Words   |  4 PagesA Dime a Dozen The Death of a Salesman is a tragedy written by playwright Arthur Miller and told in the third person limited view. The play involves four main characters, Biff, Happy, Linda, and Willy Loman, an ordinary family trying to live the American Dream. Throughout the play however, the family begins to show that through their endeavors to live the American Dream, they are only hurting their selves. The play begins by hinting at Willy’s suicidal attempts as the play begins with Linda askingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller Essay2538 Words   |  11 PagesSurname 1 McCain Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: Death of a Salesman Death of a salesman is a literature play written by American author Arthur Miller. The play was first published in the year 1949 and premiered on Broadway in the same year. Since then, it has had several performances. It has also received a lot of accordances and won numerous awards for its literature merit including the coveted Pulitzer for drama. The play is regarded by many critics as the perfectRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1628 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning play Death of a Salesman in 1949. The play inflated the myth of the American Dream of prosperity and recognition, that hard work and integrity brings, but the play compels the world to see the ugly truth that capitalism and the materialistic world distort honesty and moral ethics. The play is a guide toward contemporary themes foreseen of the twentieth century, which are veiled with greed, power, and betrayal. Miller’s influence with the play spreadRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By Arthur Miller1475 Words   |  6 Pagesto death to achieve their so- called American dream. They live alone and there is no love of parents and siblings. They may have not noticed the America dream costs them so much, which will cause a bigger regret later. In the play Death of Salesman, Arthur Miller brings a great story of a man who is at very older age and still works hard to achieve his desire, which is the American dream. Later, he notices that his youth is gone and there is less energy in his body. Willy Loman is a salesman, whoRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller2081 Words   |  9 Pages#1 â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a tragedy, this play has only two acts and does not include scenes in the acts. Instead of cutting from scene to scene, there is a description of how the lighting focuses on a different place or time-period, which from there, they continue on in a different setting. The play doesn’t go in chronological order. A lot of the play is present in Willy’s flashbacks or memories of events. This provides an explanation of why the characters are acting a certain

Corporate Financial Reporting Management

Question: Write a report on discussing the accounting policies of LLoyds Bank Plc (UK)? Answer: Introduction This paper critically evaluates and discusses the financial reporting of the selected company in the context of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). Moreover, this critically analyzes the selected company current year published financial reports. In this paper, creates an analysis report on the basis of selected companys latest group accounts, financial statements and annual report while considered the IFRSs. This paper analyses financial reports and discusses the issues or problems related faced by the company related to financial reporting. For this paper, selects Lloyds Bank Plc that is the continuous trading on the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSX) 100 Index in the past several years (Alexander, Britton Jorissen, 2007). Briefly Description of Lloyds Bank Plc The cause of Lloyds Bank stated in the year 1765, at what time John Taylor (button creator) and Sampson Lloyd (an iron dealer) established a private banking business in Birmingham. Moreover, in recent times, more than 240 years Lloyds Bank helps its customers get to where they want to be in life by delivering expert relationship banking. Lloyds Bank is a monetary services providing group that is listening carefully of commercial as well as retail customers. Lloyds Bank has millions of clientele in UK, and an attendance in almost each group of people. It played major role to help organizations and people, while making a constructive commitment to the groups in where they work (Lloyds Bank plc. 2015). The UK Government took a 43.4% stake in Lloyds Banking Group and it offers 24-hour telephone and web dealing with a record organizations of the retail and business customers. Lloyds Bank operational Headquarters in London with expansive arrangement of branches and ATM in England and Wales. In January 2009, Lloyds Bank gained HBOS plc that is additionally managing an account and insurance agency in the UK by then it called the Lloyds Banking Group. Lloyds Banking Group center business methodology is to drawing in and working with the greater part of their partners (Bellandi, 2012). Accounting Policies of Lloyds Bank Plc This section discussion is based on the Lloyds Bank Plcs united monetary proclamations and the related notes thereto included someplace else in this yearly report. For a discourse of the bookkeeping arrangements utilized as a part of the arrangement of the merged money related proclamations and monetary reports. The planning of money related articulations obliges administration to make evaluations and presumptions that influence sums reported in that. Because of the innate instability included in making evaluations, genuine results reported in future periods may be based upon sums which separate from those evaluations. The bookkeeping philosophies that are respected isolating to the Lloyds Banking Group's outcomes and budgetary position, based upon materiality and enormous judgments and evaluations to the fiscal decrees (Avtgis Rancer, 2010). The united money related explanations of Lloyds Banking Group have been arranged as per International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as received by the European Union (EU). IFRS embodies bookkeeping principles prefixed IFRS issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and those prefixed IAS issued by the IASB's antecedent body and also translations issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) and its forerunner body. The EU supported rendition of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement unwinds a percentage of the fence bookkeeping prerequisites; the Group has not exploited this unwinding, and accordingly there is no distinction in application to the Group between IFRS as received by the EU and IFRS as issued by the IASB. The monetary data has been arranged under the recorded expense tradition, as changed by the revaluation of speculation properties, accessible available to be purchased money related resources, exchanging securities and certain other budgetary resources and liabilities at reasonable esteem through benefit or misfortune and all subordinate contracts. The benefits, liabilities and consequences of Group endeavors (counting organized elements) are incorporated in the money related explanations on the premise of records made up to the reporting date. Bunch endeavors incorporate auxiliaries, partners and joint endeavors (West, 2004). Subsidiaries completely combined Backups totally joined from the date on which control is exchanged to the Lloyds Banking Group; they are de-established from the date that control stops. The obtaining system for bookkeeping is utilized to record for business of auxiliaries, partners and joint endeavors blends by the Group. The thought for the obtaining of backups, partners and joint endeavors are the reasonable estimation of the advantages exchanged, the liabilities caused and the value hobbies issued by the Group (Staubus, 2013). Goodwill grows on business mixes, including the securing of collaborators, and on the obtaining of hobbies in joint endeavors and assistants; goodwill relates to the abundance of the expense of a securing over the sensible estimation of the Group's offer of the identifiable resources, liabilities and sudden liabilities procured. Where the sensible estimation of the Group's offer of the identifiable resources, liabilities and startling liabilities of the procured substance is more unmistakable than the expense of securing, the abundance is seen quickly in the pay verbalization. Goodwill is seen as favorable element at expense and is endeavored in any event yearly for disabling (Bellandi, 2012). On the off chance that a hindrance is distinguished the conveying estimation of the goodwill is composed down instantly through the pay proclamation and is not in this manner switched. Goodwill emerging on acquisitions of partners and joint endeavors is incorporated in the Group's interest in joint ventures and partners. At the date of transfer of a backup, the conveying estimation of attributable goodwill is incorporated in the figuring of the benefit or misfortune on transfer with the exception of where it has been composed off straightforwardly to saves previously (Solomon, 2011). Other elusive resources incorporate brands, center store immaterial, bought Mastercard connections; client related intangibles and both inside and remotely produced promoted programming upgrades. Slippery assets which have been made plans to have a restricted profitable life are amortized on a straight line introduce over their evaluated accommodating life. Interest salary and cost are seen in the pay explanation for all energy bearing budgetary instruments using the intense interest framework, except for those requested at sensible regard through advantage or disaster. The compelling interest system is a strategy for ascertaining the amortized expense of a money related resource or risk and of allotting the premium salary or premium cost over the normal existence of the monetary instrument (Carmichael Graham, 2012). The effective premium rate is the rate that exactly refunds the evaluated future cash portions or receipts over the ordinary presence of the fiscal instrument or, when fitting, a shorter period, to the net passing on measure of the budgetary asset or cash related danger. The effective premium rate is figured on starting affirmation of the financial asset or hazard by assessing the future cash streams in the wake of considering all the contractual terms of the instrument however not future credit incidents. The estimation fuses all entireties foreseen that would be paid or got by the Lloyds Group including expected early recovery charges and related disciplines and premiums and discounts that are a vital bit of the general return (Dagwell, Wines Lambert, 2007). Direct incremental exchange expenses identified with the securing, issue or transfer of a budgetary instrument are additionally considered in the count. When a money related resource or a gathering of comparative budgetary resources has been composed down as an aftereffect of a disability misfortune, premium salary is perceived utilizing the rate of premium used to refund the future cash streams with the finished objective of measuring the impedance disaster (Sale, 2005). Short-term employee benefits, for example, compensations, paid nonappearances, execution based money honors and standardized savings expenses are perceived in excess of the era in which the representatives give the related administrations. Lloyds Banking Group works various post-retirement advantage plans for its representatives including both characterized advantage and characterized commitment benefits arranges (Philipp, 2010). A characterized advantage plan is an annuity arrange for that characterizes a measure of benefits advantage that a representative will get on retirement, subject to one or more components, for example, age, years of administration and compensation. A characterized commitment arrangement is a benefits arrangement into which the Lloyds Group pays settled commitments; there is no legitimate or productive commitment to pay further commitments. Lloyds Banking Group works various value settled, offer based pay arranges in admiration of administrations got from sur e of its workers (Sachse, 2006). Quality and Usefulness of the Companys Disclosure On the basis of the above discussion, it can be predicted that Lloyds Banking Group disclosed all its financial information in their financial statements as well as followed the IFRSs regulations during disclosed financial information. Moreover, the excellence and usefulness of the Groups financial reports is because it disclosure all the financial information related to business. Group has disclosed the acquisition of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures related all financial information that indicates the quality of its financial statements. Moreover, the Group also estimates the assets and liabilities of acquisition of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures through apply fair value technique (Mourik, 2007). Quality and Usefulness of the Companys Disclosure On the basis of the above discussion, it can be predicted that Lloyds Banking Group disclosed all its financial information in their financial statements as well as followed the IFRSs regulations during disclosed financial information (Avtgis Rancer, 2010). Moreover, the quality and usefulness of the Groups financial reports is because it disclosure all the financial information related to business. Lloyds Banking Group has disclosed the acquisition of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures related all financial information that indicates the quality of its financial statements. Moreover, the Group also estimates the assets and liabilities of acquisition of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures through apply fair value technique that also presented the Group followed the IFRSs regulations during disclosed financial information (Monks Lajoux, 2011). Lloyds Banking Group has not impairment loss that indicated the strong financial statements and potentially its capital structure. Moreover, Lloyds Banking Group is recognized Goodwill as an asset at price and is experienced at slightest yearly for injury that indicates the usefulness of the Groups disclosure. In addition, the Group disclosed the short-term and long-term employee benefits in its financial statement while considered the IFRSs regulations. So, it can be concluded that Lloyds Banking Group followed the IASBs Conceptual Framework while disclose their financial information and prepared financial statements (Delaney, Whittington, 2012). References Alexander, D., Britton, A. Jorissen, A. (2007). International Financial Reporting and Analysis. USA: Cengage Learning EMEA. Avtgis, T. Rancer, A.S. (2010). Arguments, Aggression, and Conflict: New Directions in Theory and Research. NY: Routledge. Avtgis, T. Rancer, A.S. (2010). Arguments, Aggression, and Conflict: New Directions in Theory and Research. NY: Routledge. Bellandi, F. (2012). Dual Reporting for Equity and Other Comprehensive Income under IFRSs and U.S. GAAP. USA: John Wiley Sons. Carmichael, D.R. Graham, L. (2012). Accountants' Handbook, Financial Accounting and General Topics (12th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Dagwell, R., Wines, G.L. Lambert, C. (2007). Corporate Accounting in Australia. China: UNSW Press. Delaney, P.R. Whittington, O.R. (2012). Wiley CPA Examination Review, Problems and Solutions (39th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Lloyds Bank plc. (2015). About Lloyds Bank. Retrieved from: https://www.lloydsbank.com/banking-with-us/who-we-are.asp?WT.ac=FAAL1012 Monks, R.A.G. Lajoux, A.R. (2011). Valuation Based on Earnings. USA: John Wiley Sons. Mourik, C.V. (2007). Globalisatie en de Rol Van Financial Accounting Informatie in Japan. USA: Rozenberg Publishers. Philipp, R. (2010). Wiley CPA Exam Review 2011 Update. USA: John Wiley Sons. Sachse, W. (2006). Accounting for leases. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Sale, J.T. (2005). Advances in International Accounting, Vol. 18. UK: Elsevier. Solomon, J. (2011). Corporate Governance and Accountability. USA: John Wiley Sons. Staubus, G.J. (2013). The Decision Usefulness Theory of Accounting: A Limited History. NY: Routledge. West, B.P. (2004). Professionalism and Accounting Rules. UK: Psychology Press.

Snow Flower free essay sample

In a relationship, never-ending devotion and faithfulness further deepens the impact of the bond, establishing a friendship that will last an eternity. In the novel, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan by Lisa See, the true bond of friends is shown through the relationship between the two main protagonists, Lily and Snow Flower. When they were younger and were starting their â€Å"footbinding days†, they learned of each other’s problems and coped with their hardships together. As they grew older and got married, they experienced many difficulties trying to meet each other but still overcame them by writing to each other constantly. Even when one betrayed the other, the other always understood. Through their everlasting devotion to each other, these two girls formed a relationship that stayed true and loyal for their entire lives. In nineteenth-century China, when wives and daughters were foot-bound and lived in almost total seclusion, the women in one remote Hunan County developed their own secret code for communication called nu shu or â€Å"women’s writing†. We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Flower or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some girls were paired with laotongs, old sames, in emotional matches that lasted throughout their lives. They painted letters on fans, embroidered messages on handkerchiefs to communicate their feelings and emotions to each other. â€Å"Footbinding† became a social tradition for all women and showed their social status. Lily and Snow Flower were two laotongs who established their friendship at a young age. They get their foot bound on the same day at the same hour for two laotongs must be alike in every way. Once they get their foot bound, they must never leave the â€Å"upstairs women’s chambers† where no man can enter. Through the painful ordeal of getting their foot bound, the two laotongs strengthened their friendship by understanding each other’s pain and suffering. Lily and Snow Flower become acquainted with each other’s lifestyle and they slowly learn about the differences within the two. While Lily is of average social class and wealth, Snow Flower is from an esteemed family whose grandfather was an imperial scholar for the Emperor. Even with their social class differences, Lily and Snow Flower are not disturbed by it, marking a true loyalty to each other. When Lily and Snow Flower both got married, they found obstructions that hindered them from meeting one another. Since Lily married into the most respected family in a nearby village near her own natal home due to her perfect â€Å"lily feet†, and Snow Flower married into a distant village further away, arranging a rendezvous was hard especially since they had more important purposes to take care of when getting married. One was to obey their mother-in-law and husband and give birth to many sons. Because Lily’s mother-in-law was very traditional and kept to all of the women’s rules, she was extremely strict when it came to Lily meeting Snow Flower. Even with all these hindrances, Lily and Snow Flower found ways to communicate with one another. They used â€Å"nu shu† and the paper fan that was first used when they met before becoming laotongs. By communicating this way, they expressed their inner most feelings on marriage and matters that seemed so trivial to them. The fan is a symbol of their unwavering sign of true friendship for it showed everything that happened between the two girls from childhood to death. Throughout all the sufferings and joyous moments they had together, Lily and Snow Flower kept true to each other, telling each other everything they knew. But one problem arose when Lily discovered the true secret of Snow Flower’s once respected family. Snow Flower’s family which was very well revered by all those in the village suffered a staggering blow to the family’s honor when her father took to the â€Å"pipe†, meaning opium. Slowly, the family name was destroyed due to the weakness of the father and they became in debt and were left with only their once prosperous house with no furniture. Gradually, all the people in her family left, leaving behind only her drug addicted father and helpless mother. Lily had no idea that Snow Flower was living in such state until the day arrived when Lily finally went to her house to help prepare Snow Flower for her wedding. Even when Snow Flower did not tell Lily the most important aspects of her life, Lily still accepted Snow Flower and even tried to understand her distress even more. If loyalty marks true friendship, then what Lily and Snow Flower had between them was the mark of forgiving and understanding faithfulness that extended a lifetime. The novelist, Lisa See displays a relationship that was carried on throughout two girls’ footbinding days to as far as their marriage days. Through the blissful and cheerful times to their misery and pain, Lily and Snow Flower remained close as ever, exhibiting their mark of true friendship.

7 Reasons Why Everyone Should Go To College

7 Reasons Why Everyone Should Go To College From the moment you enter your first years of schooling, you are always told one thing: College is the best way for you to get what you want out of life. But why do people go to college? Does it really help you better achieve your goals and live a better life? Should everyone go to college? While going to college is a huge commitment of your time and energy, many studies have been conducted that show the benefits of seeking higher education far outweighs the costs. Check out 7 reasons why everyone should get higher education! Top 7 Reasons Why Everyone Should Go To College 1. There Is a Whole World of Knowledge to Be Discovered Going to college today isnt like what it was in the past. These days, courses are offered in a wide variety of fields. When you include the elective courses you can take, your options for learning everything from rocket science to 1990’s cartoons are limitless! While there are classes that seem silly to take, the opportunity to learn a variety of information on an array of topics can increase your social, personal, and employment prospects. 2. College Is Where to Figure Out What You Don’t Want to Do For most people, going to college means learning that what you wanted to doisnt actually what you want to do. When we go to college we open ourselves up to more opportunities that we didnt know we had or even liked. Being able to spend your time actively pursuing what you think you want to do rather than dreaming and idealizing it is a fantastic way to build your confidence and find your true passion in life! 3. The Financial Benefit Is Well Worth the Time Sacrifice As pointed out by Stephanie Owen and Isabel Sawhill in their research studies titled, â€Å"Should Everyone Go To College?†, going to college has a financial benefit that makes your time (and mental) sacrifices worth the commitment. According to their research, college graduates earn over $570,000 more in a lifetime with a four-year degree when compared to those that only achieved a high-school diploma. The financial benefits can be even greater for college graduates when you factor in the type of degree, the field of specialization, and the number of scholarships and grants you receive. 4. Never Lose Your Edge in a Competitive Job Market Did you know that as of 2018, the unemployment rate for those with a college degree is 2.1% compared to the 4.2% it is for those with only a high school diploma? A college degree demonstrates to employers that you have dedicated the time and energy required to be a reliable employee who can meet deadlines, maintain an organized schedule, and deal with high-pressure situations. 5. Your Degree Is Valuable All Over the World Is it your dream to travel the world and live in foreign places? If that is the case, going to college is an excellent way to achieve these dreams! The foreign job market, especially for native English speakers, is ripe for those with a college degree. Many people go on to teach English in other countries after college. Others, with more advanced degrees and additional foreign language skills, can go on to work for international corporations in some of the most exotic places in the world! 6. Get Prepared For What Life After School Is Really Like Unlike high-school, college requires you to be solely responsible for maintaining your class schedule and completing coursework. Learning to manage your time effectively is an important step that makes life after college much easier. Though you can always ask us to write your coursework for you. Many books already validate the benefits of creating and maintaining solid routines early in life so that you can keep yourself on the right track towards educational and career success! 7. Get the Tools You Need to Start Your Own Business If your goal is starting your own business, then college is definitely the right choice for you! Marketing, advertising, and business management courses give you the know-how and experience to successfully start, run, and maintain your business. Additionally, being skilled in creating solid business plans coupled with your degree can make you more eligible to receive loans from the bank to get your business up and running. If you cant create it by yourself you can always ask EssayTigers to write your business plan for you. There are always exceptions to the rule Only about 40% of the US population has earned a bachelors degree or higher. But there are plenty of successful people that didnt go to college. Reasons for not going to college can include: Lack of finances Inability to balance school/home/work obligations No desire to continue education after high-school Already experienced in a desired skill or trade Just because you dont go to college doesnt mean that you cant reach your goals and aspirations. It only means that you will have to work just as hard to achieve them! By the way, weve recently completed the blog on what   options you have if you dont want to go to college. Check out these celebrities, start-up founders, and social media superstars who had the drive and determination to take the high-risk move of pursuing their dreams on their terms without attending college: Ellen Degeneres Russell Simmons Steve Jobs Kim Kardashian John Rockefeller Rachael Ray And more! The Takeaway Making the choice to go to college is a sure-fire way to secure and elevate your financial, professional, and social future! If you are overwhelmed by the choices and decisions you need to make when preparing for attending college, check out the services that are specially designed to help. Give yourself the future you want and start the college application process today!

Quotes About the Rwandan Genocide

Quotes About the Rwandan Genocide The First Genocide 1959–61 around 100,000 Tutsis were massacred in Rwanda in what is known as the Hutu revolution, approximately one-third of the Tutsi population. The most horrible and systematic human massacre we have had occasion to witness since the extermination of the Jews by the Nazis.British Philosopher Bertrand Russell in 1964, as quoted in A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwandas Genocide by Linda Melvern, 2000. Seldom in history has a once-dominant group suffered so terrible a reversal of fortune as the Tutsi of Rwanda.British Historian Robin Hallett, Africa Since 1875, 1974. The Second Genocide In 1994 approximately 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu moderates were hacked to death in a carefully organized program of genocide. It continues to be a controversial event because of the apparent indifference of the international community to the plight of the Tutsi. How the World Responded If the pictures of tens of thousands of human bodies being gnawed on by dogs do not wake us out of our apathy, I do not know what will.Undersecretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan in 1994, as quoted in The East Africa 18 March 1996. Rwanda is clinically dead as a nation.Nigerian Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka, Los Angeles Times, 11 May 1994. The horror of Rwanda is too high a price to pay for a very vaporous and whimsical notion of what constitutes inviolable territorial boundaries. Nigerian Nobel Literature Laureate Wole Soyinka, Los Angeles Times, 11 May 1994. All notions of sovereignty with respect to Rwanda should be completely forgotten and we should just go in and stop the killing.Nigerian Nobel Literature Laureate Wole Soyinka, Los Angeles Times, 11 May 1994. The OAU [Organisation of African Unity] was nowhere to be found †¦ during the 1994 Rwandan genocide against the Tutsis, the OAU was furiously doing the watutsi* in Addis Ababa [Ethiopia].Ghanaian Economist George Ayittey, in Africa in Chaos, 1998.* Watutsi is a synonym of Tutsi, but also the name of a dance. The whole world failed Rwanda†¦Words attributed to UN staff members under Secretary-General Kofi Annan, reported by Philip Gourevitch in Annals of Diplomacy: The Genocide Fax, New Yorker, 11 May 1998. In such countries, genocide is not too important†¦Words attributed to French President Francois Mitterand, reported by Philip Gourevitch in Reversing the Reversals of War, The New Yorker, 26 April 1999. On Dealing With the Perpetrators The international community must hand them – and the sooner the better. The crime was capital and the punishment must be capital.President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, from a speech at the Conflict in Africa Conference, Arusha, Tanzania, as reported in New Vision, 11 February 1998.

Network Operations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Network Operations - Coursework Example The user that gave the request might not have correct access rights to the application given, and it will result into the request failing. The issues can be avoided by setting the client and server to be in the same Windows domain. Make sure the user id of the customer is configured on both the client and server computers. There might be a failed communication between the client and server due to faulty connection hardware or no internet. No connection problems can be avoided by first establishing if there is a link to the server through the ping command. Problems might arise from weak firewall configurations. Firewalls might deny a client access to certain resources on the server, (Tamara, 2009). The problem can be avoided by first disabling firewall to ascertain if that is the cause of the problem and then configuring the firewall setting for the client in question. The transmission might not be successful due to power or electricity interruptions of either the client or server or both. Power interruptions can be avoided by having power backups. Transmission problems might arise due to change of IP addresses. The problem can be solved when using DHCP by setting client lease time to at list 24hrs. The problem can also be solved assigning static IP addresses to client, server or both. Setting up of the a WAN that covers a large area has a lot of challenges during the initial setup. The major challenges are staffing, existing applications, network equipment and managing connectivity outside of the primary organization location. Staffing and personnel implications to consider include; making sure that the correct employees with the required skills are available at every global location. The senior network designer should make sure there is constant communication with all the teams in all the locations. The personnel should have the correct motivation in terms

Sales and Marketing Hotel Lodging Industry Essay

Sales and Marketing Hotel Lodging Industry - Essay Example New products contribute substantially to profitable sales (Drejer, 2002). The necessity of adding new products that will yield profits to sustain corporate growth is clear. Products also level out seasonal impacts, spread risks, use talents, capitalize on tax advantages, and replace obsolescent items. Sales and marketing work together in order to ensure effective service delivery and customer satisfaction processes. In lodging industry, business success depends on producing the right product at the right time. New-product development is risky, for market opportunity is couched in uncertainty and instability, and competitive system and the unpredictability of customer reaction increases the risk. in spite of benefits and opportunities proposed by this model, recent years there is a growing number of research studies proving its limitations and weaknesses for modern business. Applied to consumer behavior, it is possible to say that sales managers give a special attention to importance of channels of distribution and marketing mix. Distribution channels are the vehicles for matching companies with customers. They establish the arrangements and paths for the flow of product and title to ultimate users. They move products and information to markets and provide the funnel for the feedb ack of information to the producer. As networks of marketing agencies, they constitute a system-a loose but formal coalition of independent entities linked together to distribute products and services.. As the links between companies and markets, they can impede or foster the effectiveness of the rest of the marketing mix. Distribution channels cover a wide range of situations. At one end are found the complicated linkage of manufacturers and their branches, agents and brokers, other wholesalers, and retailers for the movement of certain consumer goods. At the other is the direct distribution of heavy machinery. Between lie a variety of channel assortments (Mintzberg et al 2004). Which one works best depends on the company and its products and markets at a certain time. Distribution channels are essential components of economic system. The efficient movement of goods and competition both depend on sales management. Nevertheless, as economists often assume, the channels do not perfor m cost-less activities. Using resources to sort supply and match it with demand, they try to bring both activities into balance. Through channels, companies organize supply and markets and endeavor to develop their own best opportunities (Drejer, 2002). In lodging and hotel industry, market segmentation is one of the main concepts used by marketing companies to divide the market between particular target groups and meet needs and wants of target customers. Divergent service policies adjust product lines to individual market segments -- they implement market segmentation. By assuming that demand is heterogeneous, market positioning strategy obtains a better match with distinguishable market segments. Service differentiation gives marketers a share of a broad, horizontal market, whereas market segmentation tends to result in cultivation of a market position in depth. Given

Postives and Negatives of Mobile Phones Essay Example for Free

Postives and Negatives of Mobile Phones Essay â€Å"Investigate how the purchase of one electrical item may have a positive or a negative impact on people†. I will be reporting on the positives and negatives of mobile phones. I will investigate how they can be sustainable as well as how they are not sustainable for the future. I will discuss various negative as well as positive issues like the health information regarding mobile phones. How mobile phones has helped the growth of various countries. Also how mobile phones are impacting child labour and human rights. Other issues like riots and Arab springs will also be reported on in great detail. I will research the mobile company. I did primary research to find out which phone everybody has. This graph clearly indicates that most people I researched have Nokia. Nokia in 1967, well it would have been difficult to predict how successful Nokia was going to become as they started off selling common products like wellington boots. There H. Q is located in Finland. The research and development of Nokia is located in Finland, Spain, and china, Denmark, Germany and England. The production of Nokia is located in UK, India, Brazil, Mexico, and china, Finland, Romania and Hungary. I will also examine the issue around how Colton is causing a bad effect on countries like Congo. I will seek different people’s views for an unbiased study into this investigation. The mobile phone subscription has increased from 2002 and 2007 in every part of the world. Europe had the biggest increase in mobile phone subscriptions as it’s increased from 51,000 inhabitants to 111,000 inhabitants. This is because Europe is the richest continent in the world so it can afford for people to buy one or multiple phones to their likings. Asia has the biggest increase in developing continents. Africa is the fastest-growing mobile market in the world. The GSM Association report on Africa says: It expects there will be more than 735 million subscribers by the end of 2012. Analysts say that there is high usage of mobile phones since the landline is bad and expensive. †Now almost every adult, child and domestic pet seems to have one, given that 30 million phones are sold every year in UK†. Everyone seems to have a mobile phone. â€Å"More than a billion mobile phone connections have been added to the global tally in just 18 months, according to wireless intelligence†. Read more:  Mobile Phone Essay Introduction â€Å"More than 10 billion phones have been sold worldwide since 1994†. This indicates how the usage of mobile phones has increased. This device has become part of the fabric of society, whether a teenage girl taking a blackberry to bed with her, or a farmer in a African village trying to find out the latest crop prices†. Mobile phones have become a part of society all around the world. With 5 billion phones there are more mobile phones used then personal computers. â€Å"Five billion phones means there are more than three times as many phones than personal computers. It is said to believe that the market for mobile phones is likely to explode in the future. There are more people using a mobile phone than ever as over 70% of the world is mobile users. This is because the ever decreasing value of old phones means that mobile phones will be more affordable. In addition in this modern generation it’s socially considered rare to not have a phone. So from that social peer pressure everyone nowadays has a phone. 92% of the mobile phones users can’t get through a day without using their phones. This means most people use their phones every day and they are playing a important role in their life’s. 14% of the people have 2 or more mobile phones meaning they use multiple mobiles for multiple uses, For example one cheap phone for just calling abroad and one for luxury uses like entertainment. On average people in Britain make 2. 8 calls a day and 3. 6 text messages a day. 85% of children worldwide own a phone but only 30% of children have access to a book. This just shows how kids these days have own a phone rather than a book meaning more people have a phone rather than the tools needed for learning. â€Å"Leapfrogging† is the concept that areas which have poorly-developed technology or economic bases can move themselves forward swiftly through the adoption of new systems without going through intermediary steps.. More recently idea of leapfrogging is being used in the situation of sustainable development for developing countries as a theory of development which may hurry development by skipping less efficient, more expensive or more polluting technologies and industries and move directly to more advanced ones. We watch this happening all around us: you don’t need a 20th century industrial base to build a 21st century bio/Nano/information economy. An example of leapfrogging is the adoption of mobile phones in the developing world. It’s easier and quicker to put in cellular towers in rural and distant areas than to put in land lines, and as an outcome, cellular use is exploding. As we know, mobile phone use already exceeds land line use in India, and by 2007, 150 million phone lines there will be cellular. There are alike examples from all over the world. Positives There are many positives for mobile phones. First one being that communication is now easier. More mobile phones for people meaning getting in touch with people are much easier than before. The independent by Diane Coyle said in an article for â€Å"how the mobile phone has given hope to a new generation of African people†. She starts off by saying â€Å"Imagine your husband works away from home with little chance to visit you†. This is benefit for people who use mobile phones. It’s easier for the husband to stay in contact with the wife when they don’t get to see each other as often. This is good for anyone as they can keep connected to their families abroad. This is socially sustainable as people can be attached to their families with more ease. This is advantage for a mobile phone is really interesting as a report by the BBC (http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/technology-14465546) say that mobile phones could help police investigation against rioters. The riots in the summer in the UK is said to be coordinate via friends using a mobile phone. However BBC reports that â€Å"Investigators can apply to see the contents of text and instant messages, as well as their location†. This indicates that mobile phones are helping police to inspect criminal activity. The police can help keep the country safe by gathering criminals with the help of mobile phones. This is socially sustainable as mobile phones are helping keep the society safe. Mobile phones help businesses as they can distribute mobiles to their employees which can be used for sending emails or conference calls. This helps the business connect well with its employees. This is socially sustainable as the employees are associated to the business at all times. Apps can be purchased for gaming, maps or utilities. This usually done over the mobile internet however in most Asian countries like India the GPRS is not strong meaning very slow. So people come to shops like â€Å"Mobiworld† to buy apps offline. This is great for customers wanting apps downloaded without the use of the internet. Also this is creating an employment for the people in India selling apps offline. More people have access to mobiles than to a landline in Africa as fixed telephone lines are expensive whereas mobiles are cheaper. Mobiles are cheaper because the infrastructure is less expensive as you don’t have to build line for the telephone. This was also quoted in the same article. This is good for mobile users in LEDCs as they can have a cheaper way of communication as they don’t need to build the rather expensive infrastructure for the telephone line. This is economically sustainable as mobile phones are cheaper than fixed line phones. In the same article, mobile phones gave another form of employment. â€Å"In Kwa Phake in South Africa; a hairdresser had set up a sideline renting out access to a car battery†. This is good as it gives the workers in South Africa another form of income. This indicates how mobile phones are helping people to gain work and employment. This is good for the workers of South Africa as they can gain extra cash on top of their normal work to provide shelter and food for the families of these people in South Africa. This is economically sustainable as there’s another form of employment in the country for them to make money on. Another positive, I found out from the article was that mobile costs are cheaper than bus fares. In the article respondents to the surveyed and compared the call costs and cost in money and time of a round-trip bus journey into town. This is good as it means mobile phones are easier as well as cheaper to buyer. This is good for people in LEDCs who have low amounts of wealth as they can buy a mobile phone. There are newsagents and little shops in markets selling pre-paid phone cards. This is another source of employment that mobile phone brings for people. These pre-paid cards are sold all over the country providing work in LEDCs and MEDCS. This is economically sustainable as mobile phones are providing work for people. Nokia, one of the leading mobile companies selling mobile phones are trying to make mobile phones as sustainable for the future. †In 2007 we first introduced renewable materials with the Nokia 3110 Evolve, with 50% of its cover made from bio plastics†. This is good as this means the materials used are better for the environment. 0% more bio plastic meaning it’s environmentally friendly as the Bio plastics made from natural materials such as corn starch. This is good for nokia’s reputation as a eco-friendly mobile company. Also it helps the planet as the mobile phones will be more bio-degradable. This in addition also helping us buy phones which have materials which are good for the environment. This positive is environmentally positive as it’s as the materials are better for the world. Bio plastics can be recycled meaning 50% of the materials can be recycled. 100% of the materials in Nokia devices can be used again and again to make new products or generate energy†. Nokia is using materials that can be used again for new products or for energy. This is good as when a Nokia is recycled; nothing is wasted but in fact used for other products or to generate energy. This is environmentally friendly for the planet. Also the users of Nokia are in peace knowing there phone is going to be used in a eco-friendly way at the end of its product life. This is environmentally sustainable as using recycled materials is good for the environment. There are companies like envirofone. They recycle your old phones and give you the value of your old phone. This is good for the mobile users as they can recycle and gain money which could go to their possible next phone. Also it’s good for Envirofone as they can sell the materials that can be reused for other products. Overall it’s good for the environment as the mobile phones are recycled meaning this is environmentally sustainable. I did primary research in what people do with their old phones and the research Cleary shows that over half the people use mobile recycling websites like envirofone. Arab springs have helped people realise the important and how powerful mobile phones can be. â€Å"It is also true that mobile phones represented the main tool that provided protesters with the opportunity to spread their voices and share their values with the entire world. † The people of Egypt were able to share what they thought and share to the world. This was because they wanted a change in dictatorship. They shared images and video with the help of the function of a camera. â€Å"Not only were the millions of camera phones recording†. People would share these images on phone rapidly with the help of social networking site apps on phones. This has helped people in Egypt to use mobile phones to gain freedom and to get their point across to the world. Mobile phones can be seen as the main device that gave liberty and justice to international information. This is politically sustainable as mobile phones are helping countries gain political freedom. I found information on this issue by using this link: http://credemus. org/images/stories/reports/mobile-phones-and-the-arab-spring. pdf. Negatives There are numerous negatives for mobile phones. They cause car accidents when drivers are not paying attention on the road but on their phone. An article stated â€Å"Drivers distracted by talking or texting on cell phones killed an estimated 16,000 people from 2001 to 2007†. This affects car owners, their families and other people travelling on the road. This is socially unsustainable as drivers are putting not only there life’s in danger but the other people on the roads. Riots are another disadvantage to mobile phones. People are creating crime with the help of the mobile phone. This is socially unsustainable for the community as people may fear to go outside in case a riot occurs. This is also economically unsustainable as the council would have to pay for the damages caused by the riots. I did primary research on when people got their first phone. This graph clearly shows us that most people get Their phones early. As mobile phones are very cheap to buy, it’s affordable for the youth to have mobile phones. Although this has meant increase in bullying via the mobile phone. This affects children, teens and parents. This is socially unsustainable for the society of the youth. In addition to most children having mobile phones, they are forgetting to spell words correctly as the English is abbreviated. This is socially unsustainable as when the children are doing school work or exams they use abbreviations! Mr Shortis, a former chief examiner for English language A-level at the exam board AQAB, said he had rarely seen textisms used in A-level papers. But examiners had seen them crop up at GCSE. He said: Between 11 and 16, children often change their language to express their social difference or identity. Using text message abbreviations in exam answers is the verbal equivalent of wearing a hoodie. http://www. tes. co. uk/article. aspx? storycode=2341958) This is also economically unsustainable as bad English could worsen his future prospects for a good job. There have been many studies done to find correlation between mobile phone and health. Even though there are no evidence of harm linked with using mobile phones. There has been many speculation to their being harm from mobile phone. â€Å"The World Health Organizations cancer research agency says mobile phones are possibly carcinogenic†. † (This quote taken from BBC report on â€Å"Mobiles may cause brain cancer†) this affects all mobile users around the globe. This is socially unsustainable as it’s a possibility that mobile phones may cause some kind of harm like brain tumour. No proof that mobile phones are harmful. â€Å"Sir William said children under eight should not use mobile phones at all†. (http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/health/4163003. stm)In) my primary research 5-10 is the age group that bought their phones first. This affects children as they are at more risk than adults as perceived by the article. Latest mobile phones are very expensive. This economically unsustainable as most people won’t be able to afford it. This affects all mobile users and latest mobile prices are ever rising. Although more people buy contract so they don’t have pay all of the money at once. However this could lead to debt when people go overboard on minutes, texts or internet usage. This impacts all mobile users with contract. This primary research shows more people use the plan contract. This could lead to a spiraling debt due to increase pay monthly contract subscriptions. Old phones are very expensive to recycle as the high toxicity of electronic waste makes its safe disposal expensive especially in countries with strict environmental regulations. This is economically unsustainable for the world as it probably costs more to recycle than to actually make the phone. So it is sent to LEDCs for example China, They sort out the good parts that can be recycled or reused. The environmental regulations in China are not strict meaning that workers do labour without any health and safety restrictions meaning all the toxic chemicals from the phone damages the health of the Chinese workers. This is environmentally unsustainable as E-waste is gathered which releases harmful toxins which pollutes the world with harmful chemicals as there are weak environmental regulations.

Religion as a Gothic Element in American Romanticism Essay -- Romantici

Religion as a Gothic Element in American Romanticism American Romanticism can be strongly defined through its use of Gothic elements. Webster’s defines gothic as "of or relating to a style of fiction characterized by the use of desolate or remote settings and macabre, mysterious, or violent incidents" (529). Pre-American Romantic writers, such as Anne Bradstreet and Jonathan Edwards, do not tend towards the gothic in their writings of religion and religious elements. Although God is mysterious to both writers, they maintain certain characteristics and aspects expected of them and their religion. They keep their texts true to their beliefs. However, Mary Rowlandson begins a transition phase for the writers of this period. She begins to view God and religion in a darker and /more mysterious manner. By the time James Fenimore Cooper is writing, he blurs religion between two different religions. The Christian and the Indian God becomes mixed, along with their heaven. Whereas the earlier writers tend to understand and accept their Go d, the writers in the American Romantic period re-create their God adding a gothic twist to their religion and beliefs. Anne Bradstreet believes if she lives her life the way God meant her to live it, things will work out fine for her. She writes, "About 16, the Lord laid His hand sore upon me and smote me with the smallpox. When I was in my affliction, I besought the Lord and confessed my pride and vanity, and He was entreated of me and again restored me" (145). Bradstreet has a traditional view about God. She believes if she lives her life as a good person, she will be rewarded for it. If she lives her life full of pride and vanity, then she will pay the consequences. The good and just are rewarded ... ...us. Cora and Uncas end up together. There is the traditional romantic ending of riding off into the sunset, but into a Heaven which accepts both Indians and whites equally, adding elements of the gothic. Works Cited Bradstreet, Anne. "To My Dear Children." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton & Company, 1999. 144-147. Cooper, James Fenimore. The Last of the Mohicans. New York: Viking Penguin Inc, 1986. Edwards, Jonathan. "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton & Company, 1999. 200-211. "Gothic." Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. 1991 ed. Rowlandson, Mary. "A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton & Company, 1999. 148-164.

Aims and objectives Essay

This paper provides a context for this special edition. It highlights the scale of the challenge of nursing shortages, but also makes the point that there is a policy agenda that provides workable solutions. Results An overview of nurse:population ratios in different countries and regions of the world, highlighting considerable variations, with Africa and South East Asia having the lowest average ratios. The paper argues that the ‘shortage’ of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications, it is a shortage of nurses willing to work in the present conditions. The causes of shortages are multi-faceted, and there is no single global measure of their extent and nature, there is growing evidence of the impact of relatively low staffing levels on health care delivery and outcomes. The main causes of nursing shortages are highlighted: inadequate workforce planning and allocation mechanisms, resource constrained undersupply of new staff, poor recruitment, retention and ‘return’ policies, and ineffective use of available nursing resources through inappropriate skill mix and utilisation, poor incentive structures and inadequate career support. Conclusions What now faces policy makers in Japan, Europe and other developed countries is a policy agenda with a core of common themes. First, themes related to addressing supply side issues: getting, keeping and keeping in touch with relatively scarce nurses. Second, themes related to dealing with demand side challenges. The paper concludes that the main challenge for policy makers is to develop a co-ordinated package of policies that provide a long term and sustainable solution. Relevance to clinical practice This paper highlights the impact that nursing shortages has on clinical practice and in health service delivery. It outlines scope for addressing shortage problems and therefore for providing a more positive staffing environment in which clinical practice can be delivered. Keywords: nurses, nursing, workforce issues, workforce planning Go to: Introduction The world has entered a critical period for human resources for health. The scarcity of qualified health personnel, including nurses, is being highlighted as one of the biggest obstacles to achieving health system effectiveness. In January 2004, the High Level Forum on the Health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) reported, ‘There is a human resources crisis in health, which must be urgently addressed’ (High Level Forum on the Health MDGs, 2004, p. 4). Later in the same year, the Joint Learning Initiative reported that ‘There is a massive global shortage of health workers’ (Joint Learning Initiative 2004; executive summary, p. 3). In 2006, the World Health Organisation devoted the whole of the World Health Report to the negative impact that human resources shortages was having on global health care (WHO 2006). Against this backdrop of growing concern about shortages of health personnel, this paper focuses on one of the most critical components of the workforce: nurses. As such, it provides a context for the other papers in this special edition of the Journal of Clinical Nursing. These other papers focus in detail on specific nurse workforce issues and priorities facing policy makers and researchers in Australia, Canada, Japan, the USA and elsewhere. They emphasise the need to develop a better understanding of the specific dynamics in organisational and country level nursing labour markets if policy makers are to be well informed about the judgements they must make about what will be effective policy solutions for the nursing workforce. This paper provides a broader perspective, highlighting the scale of the challenge of nursing shortages, but also making the point that there are many common challenges and a policy agenda that points to workable solutions. Go to: Nursing and the global health workforce challenge WHO has estimated there to be a total of 59 ·2 million fulltime paid health workers worldwide in 2006, of which about two thirds were health service providers, with the remaining third being composed of health management and support workers (WHO 2006). WHO also calculated a threshold in workforce density below which consistent coverage of essential interventions, including those necessary to meet the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), was very unlikely. Based on these estimates, it reported that there were 57 countries with critical shortages equivalent to a global deficit of 2 ·4 million doctors, nurses and midwives. The proportional shortfalls were greatest in sub-Saharan Africa, although numerical deficits were very large in South-East Asia because of its population size (WHO 2006, p. 12). WHO also highlighted that shortages often coexist in a country with large numbers of unemployed health professionals: ‘Poverty, imperfect private labour markets, lack of public funds, bureaucratic red tape and political interference produce this paradox of shortages in the midst of underutilized talent’ (WHO 2006, p. xviii). WHO concluded that the shortage crisis has the potential to deepen in the coming years. It noted that demand for service providers will escalate markedly in all countries – rich and poor: ‘Richer countries face a future of low fertility and large populations of elderly people, which will cause a shift towards chronic and degenerative diseases with high care demands. Technological advances and income growth will require a more specialised workforce even as needs for basic care increase because of families’ declining capacity or willingness to care for their elderly members. Without massively increasing training of workers in this and other wealthy countries, these growing gaps will exert even greater pressure on the outflow of health workers from poorer regions’ (WHO 2006, p. xix). Nurses are the main professional component of the ‘front line’ staff in most health systems, and their contribution is recognised as essential to meeting development goals and delivering safe and effective care. One difficulty in making an accurate global estimate of numbers of nurses is the definition of  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœnurse’. Different international agencies, at different times, have developed different definitions, some related to educational level, some to years of training. The primary focus of this paper is on registered nurses, but this focus is hampered by the absence of a clear definition for some data sources, and the overall lack of a single universal definition of ‘nurse’. To give one indication of the size of the nursing workforce world wide, the International Council of Nurses reports 129 national nurses’ associations representing 13 million nurses worldwide (ICN 2007). This section of the paper provides an overview of nurse:population ratios in different countries and regions of the world. The data must be used with caution. The country level data collated by WHO which is reported in this paper may in some countries include midwives under the broad category of nurses; for some, it is also likely that the data may include auxiliary and unlicensed personnel. There can also be varying interpretations relating to the calculation of the number of nurses – some countries may report working nurses, others may report all nurses that are eligible to practice; some may report ‘headcount’, others may report full time equivalents. The analysis presented below should therefore be taken as illustrative of a broad pattern of regional variations, rather than an accurate representation of each country. Current initiatives by international organisations such as WHO, ILO and OECD to agree to standard definitions and improve the collection of count ry level HRH data should improve the current unsatisfactory situation.

List of Ministers and Advisors

List of Ministers and Advisors | SL| Name| Designation| Joining Date | Distribution of Ministry/Division | Name| From| To| | | 1| Sheikh Hasina  | Prime Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Armed Forces Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Cabinet Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Ministry of Defence   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Ministry of Public Administration   | 28-04-2011  | Till Date  | | | 2| Mr. Abul Maal Abdul Muhith  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Finance   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Finance Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Economic Relations Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | |Internal Resources Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Bank and Financial Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 3| Begum Matia Chowdhury  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Agriculture   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 4| Mr. Abdul Latif Siddique  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Textiles and Jute   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 5| Barrister Shafique Ahmed  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Law and Justice Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | |Parliament Secretariat   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 6| Air Vice Marshal (Rtd. ) A K Khandker  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Planning   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Planning Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Statistics and Informatics Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 7| Mr. Rajiuddin Ahmed Raju  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Labour & Employment   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 8| Advocate Shahara Khatun  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Posts and Tele-Communications   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | | Syed Ashraful Islam  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Local Government Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Rural Development and Co-operatives Division   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 10| Engr. Khandker Mosharraf Hossain  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Expatriates’ Welfare and Overseas Employment   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 11| Mr. Suranjit Sen Gupta  | Minister  | 28-11-2011  | Without portfolio. | 17-04-2012  | Till Date  | | 12| Dr. Muhiuddin Khan Alamgir  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Home Affairs   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | 13| Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim Hira  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Land   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 14| Mr. Abul Kalam Azad  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Cultura l Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 15| Mr. Enamul Hoque Mustafa Shaheed  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Social Welfare   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 16| Mr. Dilip Barua  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Industries   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 17| Mr. Obaidul Quader  | Minister  | 28-11-2011  | Ministry of Communications   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | Roads Division   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | |Bridges Division   | 5-11-2011  | Till Date  | | | 18| Mr. Ramesh Chandra Sen  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Water Resources   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 19| Mr. Ghulam Muhammed Quader  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Commerce   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | 20| Mr. Hasanul Haq Inu  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Information   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 21| Mr. Muhammad Faruk Khan  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Civil Aviation an d Tourism   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | 22| Dr. Md. Abdur Razzaque  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Food   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | 23| Dr. Md. Afsarul Ameen  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Primary and Mass Education   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 24| Dr. A. F. M. Ruhal Haque  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Health and Family Welfare   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 25| Dr. Dipu Moni  | Minister  | 8-01-2009  | Ministry of Foreign Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 26| Mr. Nurul Islam Nahid  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Education   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 27| Mr. Abdul Latif Biswas  | Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 28| Mr.Shajahan Khan  | Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Shipping   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 29| Dr. Hasan Mahmud  | Minister  | 28-11-2011  | Ministry of Environment and Forest   | 29-11-2011  | Till Date  | | 30| Mr. Abul Hasan Mahamood Ali  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 31| Mr. Mostafa Faruque Mohammed  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Information & Communication Technology   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 32| Mr. Md. Mazibul Hoque  | Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Railways   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 33| MR. H.T. Imam  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Public Administration Affairs   | 5-06-2011  | Till Date  | | 34| Dr. Mashiur Rahman  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Economic Adviser   | 22-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 35| Professor Dr. Syed Modasser Ali  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Health & Family Welfare and Social Welfare Affairs   | 22-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 36| Dr. Alauddin Ahmed  | Adviser  | 7-01-2009  | Education, Social Development and Political Affairs   | 22- 01-2009  | Till Date  | | 37| Dr. Tawfiq-E-Elahi Chowdhury, BB  | Adviser  | 14-01-2009  | Adviser to the Hon'ble Prime Minister   | 14-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 8| Dr. Gowher Rizvi  | Adviser  | 9-07-2009  | International Relations Affairs   | 9-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 39| Advocate Mostafizur Rahman  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Land   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 40| Capt. A B Tajul Islam (Rtd. )  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Liberation War Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 41| Arch. Yeafesh Osman  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Science and Technology   | 5-12-2011  | Till Date  | | 42| Begum Monnujan Sufian  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Labour ; Employment   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 43| Mr.Dipankar Talukdar  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 44| Mr. Ahad Ali Sarkar  | State Minister  | 6-01-2009  | Ministry of Youth and Sports   | 6-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 45| Advocate Md. Shahjahan Miah  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Religious Affairs   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 46| Advocate Abdul Mannan Khan  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Housing and Public Works   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 47| Advocate Md. Kamrul Islam  | State Minister  | 24-07-2009  | Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | |Law and Justice Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Parliament Secretariat   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 48| Advocate Shamsul Hoque Tuku  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Home Affairs   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 49| Advocate Jahangir Kabir Nanak  | State Minister  | 24-01 -2009  | Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | Local Government Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | Rural Development and Co-operatives Division   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | | 50| Mr.Md. Motahar Hossain  | State Minister  | 24-01-2009  | Ministry of Primary and Mass Education   | 24-01-2009  | Till Date  | | 51| Mr. Muhammad Enamul Huq  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | Power Division   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | | Energy and Mineral Resources Division   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | | 52| Mr. Mozibur Rahman Fakir  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Health and Family Welfare   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 53| Mr. Promode Mankin  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Social Welfare   | 16-09-2012  | Till Date  | 54| Begum Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Women and Children Affairs   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 55| Mr. Md. Mahabubur Rahaman  | State Minister  | 31-07-2009  | Ministry of Water Resources   | 31-07-2009  | Till Date  | | 56| Mr. Omor Faruk Chowdhury  | State Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Industries   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 57| Mr. Md. Abdul Hyee  | State Minister  | 15-09-2012  | Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock   | 15-09-2012  | Till Date  | | 58| Maj. Gen. (Retd) Tarique Ahmed Siddique  | Adviser to the Hon'ble Prime Minister  | 8-01-2009  | | | | |

Free Essays on Pluto

My topic is the planet Pluto. I chose this planet because a lot of people don’t even consider it a planet. The earth’s moon is even bigger than Pluto. Other than that I don’t really know anything at all about the planet. I did also know that Pluto does intertwine with Neptune’s orbit. Is Pluto really a planet? Researchers have been trying to determine whether Pluto is really big enough to be a planet. Over the last few years, the gathered information on Pluto and the discovery of an increasing number of other objects in the outer solar system have been discussed within a group of astronomers called minor-planets. The planet Pluto is not given the respect of other planets and some have the indication to change Pluto to a minor planet. Astronomer Brian Marsden of Harvard Smithsonian Center said if Pluto were discovered seventy years ago, it would be considered a minor planet. A minor planet is a term used to describe asteroids and most astronomers agree that Pluto is no asteroid. Marsden said it’s not a demotion for Pluto to be referred to as the 10,000th minor planet, it is an honor. Some astronomers do not agree with Brian Marsden’s theory. Pluto deserves to be considered more than just a minor planet. Most astronomers would probably consider stripping Pluto of is status. That would be like stripping Connecticut or Vermont of statehood because Texas and Alaska later joined. It was estimated that Pluto contained mass of eleven Earths but dropped rapidly over time. This is what is giving the astronomers a second opinion about being a planet. Pluto is about 1,500 miles in diameter, larger than the largest asteroid. It is known to have density of two grams per cubic centimeter, so is estimated to be sixty percent rock and forty percent ices of frozen nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and water. Pluto is tilted 122.5 degrees on its axis. Because of the shape of Pluto’s orbit, it actually slips inside of ... Free Essays on Pluto Free Essays on Pluto My topic is the planet Pluto. I chose this planet because a lot of people don’t even consider it a planet. The earth’s moon is even bigger than Pluto. Other than that I don’t really know anything at all about the planet. I did also know that Pluto does intertwine with Neptune’s orbit. Is Pluto really a planet? Researchers have been trying to determine whether Pluto is really big enough to be a planet. Over the last few years, the gathered information on Pluto and the discovery of an increasing number of other objects in the outer solar system have been discussed within a group of astronomers called minor-planets. The planet Pluto is not given the respect of other planets and some have the indication to change Pluto to a minor planet. Astronomer Brian Marsden of Harvard Smithsonian Center said if Pluto were discovered seventy years ago, it would be considered a minor planet. A minor planet is a term used to describe asteroids and most astronomers agree that Pluto is no asteroid. Marsden said it’s not a demotion for Pluto to be referred to as the 10,000th minor planet, it is an honor. Some astronomers do not agree with Brian Marsden’s theory. Pluto deserves to be considered more than just a minor planet. Most astronomers would probably consider stripping Pluto of is status. That would be like stripping Connecticut or Vermont of statehood because Texas and Alaska later joined. It was estimated that Pluto contained mass of eleven Earths but dropped rapidly over time. This is what is giving the astronomers a second opinion about being a planet. Pluto is about 1,500 miles in diameter, larger than the largest asteroid. It is known to have density of two grams per cubic centimeter, so is estimated to be sixty percent rock and forty percent ices of frozen nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and water. Pluto is tilted 122.5 degrees on its axis. Because of the shape of Pluto’s orbit, it actually slips inside of ...

What Literature Can Teach Us

What Literature Can Teach Us Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin word  literature  meaning writing formed with letters, literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song.   What Is Literature? Simply put, literature represents the culture and tradition of a language or a people.  The concept is difficult to precisely define, though many have tried; its clear that the accepted  definition of literature is constantly changing and evolving. For many, the word literature suggests a higher art form; merely putting words on a page doesnt necessarily equate to creating literature. A canon is the accepted body of works for a given author. Some works of literature are considered canonical, that is, culturally representative of a particular genre (poetry, prose, or drama). Literary Fiction vs. Genre Fiction Some definitions also separate literary fiction from so-called genre fiction, which includes types such as mystery, science fiction, western, romance, thriller, and horror. Think mass-market paperback. Genre fiction typically does not have as much character development as literary fiction and is read for entertainment, escapism, and plot, whereas literary fiction explores themes common to the human condition and uses symbolism and other literary devices to convey the authors viewpoint on his or her chosen themes. Literary fiction involves getting into the minds of the characters (or at least the protagonist) and experiencing their relationships with others. The protagonist typically comes to a realization or changes in some way during the course of a literary novel. (The difference in type does not mean that literary writers are better than genre fiction writers, just that they operate differently.) Why Is Literature Important? Works of literature, at their best, provide a kind of blueprint of human society. From the writings of ancient civilizations such as Egypt and China to Greek philosophy and poetry, from the epics of Homer to the plays of William Shakespeare, from Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte to Maya Angelou, works of literature give insight and context to all the worlds societies. In this way, literature is more than just a historical or cultural artifact; it can serve as an introduction to a new world of experience. But what we consider to be literature can vary from one generation to the next.  For instance, Herman Melvilles 1851 novel Moby Dick  was considered a failure by contemporary reviewers. However, it has since been recognized as a masterpiece and is frequently cited as one of the best works of Western literature for its thematic complexity and use of symbolism. By reading Moby Dick in the present day, we can gain a fuller understanding of literary traditions in Melvilles time.   Debating Literature   Ultimately, we may discover  meaning in literature  by looking at what the author writes or says and how he or she says it. We may interpret and debate an authors message by examining the words he or she chooses in a given novel or work or observing which character or voice serves as the connection to the reader. In academia, this decoding of the  text is often carried out through the use of  literary theory using a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approaches to better understand the context and depth of a work. Whatever critical paradigm we use to discuss and analyze it, literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us on a deeply personal level.   School Skills Students who study literature and read for pleasure have a higher vocabulary, better reading comprehension, and better communication skills, such as writing ability. Communication skills affect people in every area of their lives, from navigating interpersonal relationships to participating in meetings in the workplace to drafting intraoffice memos or reports. When students analyze literature, they learn to identify cause and effect and are applying critical thinking skills. Without realizing it, they examine the characters psychologically or sociologically. They identify the characters motivations for their actions and see through those actions to any ulterior motives. When planning an essay on a work of literature, students use problem-solving skills to come up with a thesis and follow through on compiling their paper. It takes research skills to dig up evidence for their thesis from the text and scholarly criticism, and it takes organizational skills to present their argument in a coherent, cohesive manner. Empathy and Other Emotions Some studies say that people who read literature have more empathy for others, as literature puts the reader into another persons shoes. Having empathy for others leads people to socialize more effectively, solve conflicts peacefully, collaborate better in the workplace, behave morally, and possibly even become involved in making their community a better place. Other studies note a correlation between readers and empathy but do not find causation. Either way, studies back the need for strong English programs in schools, especially as people spend more and more time looking at screens rather than books. Along with empathy for others, readers can feel a greater connection to humanity and less isolated. Students who read literature can find solace as they realize that others have gone through the same things that they are experiencing or have experienced. This can be a catharsis and relief to them if they feel burdened or alone in their troubles. Quotes About Literature Here are some quotes about literature from literature giants themselves. Robert Louis Stevenson: The difficulty of literature is not to write, but to write what you mean; not to affect your reader, but to affect him precisely as you wish.Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey: The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel,  must be intolerably stupid.William Shakespeare, Henry VI: â€Å"I’ll call for pen and ink and write my mind.†

HRM effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

HRM effectiveness - Essay Example He/she also has to take into account the firm's responsibilities to the society that it operates in. Human resource management deals with the "people" dimension in management. In their book Human Resource Management, Byars and Rue, say "Human Resource Management encompasses those activities designed to provide for and coordinate the human resources of an organization (Rue, 2000)." According to Ivancevich and Glueck, "Personnel or Human resource management is the function performed in organizations that facilitates the most effective use of people or employees to achieve organizational and individual goals (Glueck, 1995)." Every organization is composed of people and utilizing their services, developing their skills, motivating them to enhance their levels of performance and ensuring that they remain committed to the organization are essential for the accomplishment of organizational objectives. This is true for all types of organizations - government, business, education, health, recreation and social action. Acquiring and retaining good human resources is an essential pre-condition for the success of every organization. Organizations that can do this will be both effective i.e. they will be able to achieve their goals as well as efficient i.e. they will use minimum resources necessary to achieve their goals. Inefficient or ineffective organizations face the danger of stagnating or going out of business. Competent managers and workers are essential for the coordination of efforts towards the ultimate objectives which ensure the survival of the organization. Though such coordination alone cannot guara ntee success, the lack of it can lead to failure. In the changing times, it has become evident that it is the human resources of an organization or a country that can lead it on the path of success. It is the competencies and attitudes of the human resources that can make or break a business. The business of attracting and retaining talent and nurturing it has become imperative for the development of an organization. Innovative and proactive HR managers have been defining new boundaries of HRM. The turbulent and dynamic markets and the changing values and expectations of the workforce have made the earlier concepts of personnel management irrelevant. A new strategic role has emerged for HRM - that of a key player, to make the organization survive and succeed in a highly competitive business environment. Business has become knowledge based, service oriented, competitive and more dynamic in this new age. The quality of human resources has become an essential factor in determining the success of any organization. In the words of Eric Flamholtz a renowned HR consultant and a Professor at Anderson Graduate School, human resources accounting is defined as "accounting people as organizational resources. Human resources accounting is measurement of the cost and value of people for an organization (Flamholtz, 1999)." Till recently, people were not accounted as resources and no value was attributed to their contribution. However, in recent times, the criticality of the contributions of human resources have been acknowledged and recognized. Hence, the concept of attributing an

(Context) large international contracting company from a country where Essay

(Context) large international contracting company from a country where there was little or no recession trying to enter the European market - Essay Example Their objective is to tap into UK’s know-how in the industry so as to improve on their competitiveness. This follows its reputation for technology in construction services, including technological advancement, such as the Building Information Modelling, BIM and architectural endowment (BIS 2013). Further to this, the number of graduates in the construction industry keeps growing, an indication of greater opportunities for growth in the future. However, the UK still grapples with trade deficit in the construction industry. BIS (2013) observe that in 2012, it had a trade deficit amounting to about  £6.2 billion. It has been noted that a small portion of UK construction contractors are exporters as compared to the other sectors of the economy. Specifically, the 2012 statistics show that only about 6% of construction SMEs engaged in export trade. It was observed that a majority of these constructors lacked the knowledge of exports in construction, thus the trade deficit. Moreover, UK contractors still face the challenge of having to deal with financial institutions which still perceive the construction industry as risky. This hinders them from accessing the requisite financial services. Therefore, the UK is well placed to benefit from the myriad opportunities it has in the construction industry but has to input greater effort to curb its challenges. Department for Business and Innovation Skills 2013, UK construction: an economic analysis of the sector, viewed 22 March 204,

Analysis of Boeing Aircraft Companys supply chain management Research Paper

Analysis of Boeing Aircraft Companys supply chain management - Research Paper Example government in 1978 as well as the European Union’s adoption of a mutual airspace, the airline industry has witnessed even worse situations. Recently, a large number of low carriers have penetrated the airline market globally. It is also securing the departure of legacy carriers, which have been regarded as household names for the past few decades (Topham, 2013). In the past three decades, the airline industry has grown at a steady pace, and is forecasted to do so in the coming future. RPK (revenue passenger kilometers), an indicator of a passenger paying for a single kilometer has grown threefold in the last thirty years. Most of the forecasts pertaining to the industry today reveal that both RPK’s as well as revenue ton kilometers, which represents the RPK’s freight version will double from the expected GDP growth of 3 percent (TradeGov, 2009). Presently, the large commercial aircraft (LCA) fleet, which is airplanes having more than 300 seats and over is approximately 16,000 and rising. The anticipated capacity to cope with the growth in traffic by the year 2023 is about 35,000. About 70 percent of these airplanes are nonexistent and will be produced by Boeing, Airbus, as well as other companies in the LCA industry. With respect to the present list prices, the aircrafts will demand additional buildup of assets amounting to approximately $1.6 trillion (TradeGov, 2009) (U.S.InternationalTradeCommission, 2009). This paper will undertake an analysis of the Boeing Aircraft Company based on its supply chain management. The LCA industry serves as the major supplier of assets for the airline industry. The major competitors in this case include Boeing Company and Airbus S.A.S. the two companies are offered support by their respective governments in diverse ways. This situation is indicative of the airline industry’s national flag carriers. The assistance that the government provides to these companies in characteristic of two major factors. Firstly,